参考
最后更新：2026年9月26日
茶叶贸易词典
49 terms across 6 groups, each with its own anchor so a single definition can be cited on its own.
Definitions for the grade codes, contract clauses, regulatory instruments and processing terms used in the Chinese tea export trade. Grade codes such as gunpowder 3505 and Chunmee 41022 describe a finished make, not a garden. HS subheadings 0902.10 through 0902.40 split tea by fermentation and by packing size. Maximum residue limits are set per jurisdiction, so the destination decides the standard.
类型和制品
- Gunpowder
- Chinese green tea rolled into tight pellets. Export grades run 3505, 9375, 9475 and 9575, ordered by pellet size, tightness and colour consistency. Produced mainly in the Pingshui belt of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
- 3505
- The reference gunpowder export grade for Morocco and Senegal. A family rather than one specification: sub-grades run 3505AAAAA, 3505AAA, 3505AA, 3505A, 3505B and 3505D.
- Chunmee
- Refined Chinese green tea with a slender, slightly curved leaf — the name means eyebrow tea. Produced mainly in Zhejiang and Anhui. 41022 is the widest-traded export grade.
- 41022
- The most widely traded Chunmee export grade, used across West Africa and Central Asia. Describes leaf make and screen size within a refining standard, not a garden or harvest.
- Bai Hao Yin Zhen also sold as Silver Needle
- The top grade of Chinese white tea, plucked as single unopened buds with the silver down intact, and known in English as Silver Needle. Reference origins are Fuding in Ningde and Zhenghe in Nanping, Fujian.
- Bai Mu Dan also sold as White Peony
- White tea plucked as one bud with one to two leaves, known in English as White Peony. The main volume grade for white tea export.
- Gong Mei also sold as Tribute Eyebrow
- White tea plucked as one bud with two to three leaves, known in English as Tribute Eyebrow. Fuller in body and lower in cost per kilogram than Bai Mu Dan.
- Shou Mei also sold as Longevity Eyebrow
- White tea from mature leaf on a later plucking, known in English as Longevity Eyebrow. Fuller in body, lower in cost per kilogram, and the grade most often pressed into cakes for ageing.
- Bai Ya Qi Lan
- Orchid-scented oolong from Pinghe County, Zhangzhou, Fujian. A cultivar selected in Pinghe and named for its pale bud tips and pronounced orchid aroma; rolled semi-ball make, light to medium roast. Pinghe Bai Ya Qi Lan carries a protected geographical indication.
- 铁观音 also sold as Iron Goddess
- Rolled ball-shape oolong from Anxi, Quanzhou, Fujian, known in English as Iron Goddess. Produced across a range from jade (unroasted) to medium roast.
- 岩石
- Strip-leaf oolong from Wuyishan, Nanping, Fujian, including Da Hong Pao (Big Red Robe), Rou Gui (Cinnamon) and Shui Xian (Water Sprite). Characterised by charcoal roasting and a mineral character attributed to the growing terrain.
- 大红袍 also sold as Big Red Robe
- Charcoal-roasted strip-leaf rock oolong from Wuyishan, Nanping, Fujian, known in English as Big Red Robe. With Rou Gui and Shui Xian it carries the top of the Fujian oolong price range.
- Lapsang Souchong
- Black tea from Tongmu inside the Wuyishan area of Fujian — the first black tea on record. Produced in smoked and unsmoked versions, which must be distinguished on the contract.
- Jin Jun Mei also sold as Golden Eyebrow
- Bud-only black tea from Tongmu inside the Wuyishan area of Fujian, known in English as Golden Eyebrow. Related to unsmoked Lapsang Souchong, with a golden tip.
- Tanyang Gongfu
- Congou-style black tea from Fu'an, Ningde, Fujian. The historic Fujian export black tea.
- 圆的气味
- One full cycle in which finished green tea is layered with fresh jasmine blossom, left to absorb the aroma, then separated and re-dried. Jasmine tea is graded by the number of rounds — commonly three, five or seven.
Trade names in the Moroccan and West African market
- Trade name
- A selling designation used by an exporter, importer or brand owner in place of a grade code — El Bellar, Sinia, Sultan, Flecha, Dahmiss, Achoura. It fixes no property a laboratory can measure, so the contract must still state the grade code, moisture, screen size and the residue standard by destination. Some trade names are registered marks belonging to third parties.
- El Bellar
- A trade name used in gunpowder green tea listings for Morocco and West Africa, quoted beside grade codes such as 3505AAA. Also written El-bellar. A seller's designation, not a grade in any standard.
- Sinia
- A trade name used by Chinese exporters for gunpowder green tea offered into Morocco. A selling designation rather than a grade code.
- Sultan
- A product or brand name seen on packed Moroccan mint tea and on gunpowder 3505 listings. It is not a grade, and it may be a registered mark belonging to a third party.
- Flecha
- A quality designation used on Chunmee green tea offered into West Africa. A selling designation rather than a grade code.
- Dahmiss
- A trade name used on Chunmee green tea for Morocco, quoted in marketplace listings against grade 41022.
- Achoura
- A name used in listings for Chinese green tea quoted into Morocco and West Africa, commonly as an Achoura price. A selling designation whose scope has to be confirmed against a grade code in the quotation.
规格和质量
- 水分
- Water content of the finished dry leaf, expressed as a percentage. The standard Chinese green tea trade specification is at or below 7.0%; scented tea runs at or below 8.5%. Moisture governs shelf life and is the first line on a certificate of analysis.
- 碎末
- Small broken particles separated during refining and screening. The permitted fannings percentage is a grade variable and belongs in the contract, not only in the grade code.
- 分析证书 (COA)
- A laboratory statement of a lot's measured properties — typically moisture, ash, and broken and fannings content. Distinct from a pesticide residue report, which measures a different set of parameters.
- 农药最大残留限量 (MRL)
- 对于茶叶来说，限度设定在干叶上。每个司法管辖区都公布了自己的价值，因此在一个目的地可能会拒绝符合规定的批发。
- AQL
- 可接受的质量限制：采样标准用于决定是否接受检查的批量，定义了样本大小和该大小被容忍的最大数量的缺陷。
- 交易证书
- An informal name for the per-shipment document that links a consignment to a certified organic operator. For the United States the formal document is the electronic NOP Import Certificate, required for organic imports since 19 March 2024; for the European Union it is the electronic certificate of inspection (e-COI) issued in TRACES. Neither is a substitute for residue testing.
分类和文件
- HS 税则号 0902
- The Harmonized System heading covering tea, whether or not flavoured. Splits by fermentation and by packing size into 0902.10, 0902.20, 0902.30 and 0902.40.
- 0902.10
- Green tea, not fermented, in immediate packings of 3 kg or less. Covers retail-packed green tea, packed jasmine and tea bags. White tea is classified with green tea.
- 0902.20
- 绿茶，未发酵，除了含量3 kg或以下的包装。对gunpowder,Chunmee和白茶的批量线。
- 0902.30
- Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea in immediate packings of 3 kg or less. Oolong is partly fermented and falls here when retail packed.
- 0902.40
- Black tea (fermented) and partly fermented tea, other than in packings of 3 kg or less. The bulk line for oolong and black tea.
- 植物卫生证书
- 出口国植物保护局颁发的证书，证明一批植物符合进口国植物卫生要求。
- 产地证明 (CO)
- 一份证明产品生产的国家的文件。通常需要获得优惠关税待遇，包括进入俄罗斯和欧亚经济联盟的茶。
按市场的监管
- ONSSA
- Office National de Sécurité Sanitaire des Produits Alimentaires — Morocco's national food safety authority, which sets and enforces pesticide maximum residue limits on imported tea. Order 156-14, published in Bulletin Officiel 6322bis on 1 January 2015, established the MRL framework.
- TR CU 021/2011
- 欧亚经济联盟关于食品安全的技术法规。规范进入俄罗斯，哈萨克斯坦，白俄罗斯，吉尔吉斯斯坦和亚美尼亚的食品的污染物和杀虫剂残留物。
- TR CU 022/2011
- 欧亚经济联盟关于食品标签的技术法规规定了必须在EAEU市场上市的产品上以俄语表现的标签内容。
- EAC标志
- 欧亚符合性标志：适用于符合适用的EAEU技术法规的产品，并被注册的符合性声明所涵盖。
- 符合性声明
- 证明EAEU技术法规的遵守和清关的文件。由进口商或在欧盟设立的授权代表注册，而不是出口商。
- 罗塞尔霍兹纳扎尔
- 俄罗斯联邦部门负责兽医和植物卫生监督，包括对进口植物产品的植物卫生控制。
贸易和物流
- FOB
- 在船上，卖家将货物交付在船上，在所指定的运输港口；此时，风险和成本转移给买方。
- CIF
- 销售者向指定目的地港支付货物和保险，但在原产货运时，风险转移。
- DDP
- 交付关税：卖方为指定目的地承担费用和风险，包括进口关税和清除，这是卖方最大的义务。
- 缩出来
- 包装密度导致容器的经济效益超过有效载荷的原因。
- 霍尔果斯–阿腾科里 十四条 十四条 走廊
- The rail border crossing between China and Kazakhstan used for freight into Central Asia, including tea for landlocked Uzbekistan. A gauge change and multiple border transfers change the packing brief relative to sea freight.
- Attaya
- 西非茶仪式在塞内加尔，马里，毛里塔尼亚，冈比亚和尼日尔实践，其中同样的绿茶gunpowder三次用糖和薄荷制成，逐渐变甜。这就是为什么再注入的行为是这些市场的商业变量。
- Atay
- 摩洛哥制备了gunpowder绿茶，含新鲜的薄荷和糖，从高处倒出来。摩洛哥每天消费的茶叶是为什么中国向摩洛哥运输的茶叶的99.85%是绿茶。
Maintained by ODM Tea as the reference set the rest of this site writes against.