相比
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FOB vs CIF vs DDP
FOB puts the goods on board at the Chinese port and hands both cost and risk to the buyer there. CIF adds freight and insurance to the destination port but risk still transfers at loading. DDP carries everything — freight, duty, clearance — to the buyer's door. Experienced African importers buy FOB and run their own freight; first-time buyers into the EAEU often want DDP because the Declaration of Conformity is registered on their side anyway.
| FOB | CFR / CIF | DDP | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 卖方为 | 在货运端口上 | 目的地港口 (CIF增加保险) | 买家的名字，税收付款 |
| 风险转移 | 在货运端口上 | 在货运端口上 | 在交付时 |
| 谁预订货物 | 买家 | 卖家 | 卖家 |
| 谁批准进口 | 买家 | 买家 | 卖家 |
| 典型使用 | 摩洛哥，塞内加尔，加纳 进口商拥有自己的运输商 | 购买者希望收取登陆港口价格 | 新买家，小批量，EAEU与当地代表 |
| 命名地点 | 宁波，上海 | 卡萨布兰卡，达喀尔，泰马 | 买方的仓库 |
Versus
一个非洲进口商应该使用哪个术语？
FOB Ningbo or Shanghai, in most cases. Morocco's large importers and Senegal's growing ones run their own freight contracts and clearance, and FOB lets them compare tea price without freight noise. CIF is useful when comparing landed-port offers across suppliers.
为什么DDP在俄罗斯是不同的？
DDP into Russia is different because EAEU clearance depends on a Declaration of Conformity registered by an importer or representative established inside the Union. A seller offering DDP into Russia must have that representative in place; the term does not remove the requirement.
常见问题
CIF是否意味着卖方承担到目的地的风险？
根据CIF，卖方向目的地港支付货物和保险，但当货物在原产地上船时，风险转移。
什么Incoterms引用ODM Tea?
FOB, CFR or CIF for sea freight, loading at Ningbo or Shanghai as confirmed in the quotation. Central Asia is quoted by rail through Khorgos–Altynkol under a rule for any mode of transport, because FOB, CFR and CIF apply only to sea and inland waterway. Destination-side terms are offered only where import responsibility is documented.